By the late 1960s, it was clear that Israeli-born children of immigrants from North African and Asian countries were not achieving in school as well as their peers, even though they were attending preschool. A researcher at the NCJW Research Institute for Innovation in Education at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Avima D. Lombard – herself an immigrant from the United States, who had acted as an Evaluation Coordinator in Head Start during her years as a doctoral student at UCLA, proposed a solution: “At the Research Institute, we thought that our efforts should be directed to the homes of these young children; perhaps we could find a way to bring changes into the home that would help prepare children to deal with the demands of school. In focusing on the home setting, it seemed that we would have to consider two major areas: the educational enrichment of the child and strengthening the mother’s self-esteem through her activities as an educator in the home setting.”